In contrast to lampreys and jawed vertebrates, hagfishes were thought to lack vertebrae. Now, long overlooked vertebral rudiments have been analysed in hagfish, suggesting that vertebrae existed in the last common ancestor of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG]

vertebral

Typically an endochondral element, in salamanders there is an argument that vertebral development is perichondral and not preformed in cartilage

we include a distinct subclass for bony vertebra

UBERON:0015005

vertebra skeletal element

vertebral endochondral element, vertebra endochondral element

uberon

UBERON:0010913

• vertebral foramen

• vertebral column

• vertebral foramen
• vertebral centrum element